Only the top anchor points become selected. With the anchor points selected, you may see what look like little handles coming from the anchor points. Those are called direction handles, and they can be used to control the curve of the path. Make sure you drag the square anchor point and not the round end of one of the handles. Move the pointer over one of the selected anchor points at the top of a circle.

Hiding and locking objects Selecting artwork may be more difficult when there are objects stacked one on another or when there are multiple objects in a small area. Choose 1 Final Artwork from the artboard navigation menu in the lower-left.

See the following figure. Notice that you drag the large blue-green shape, not the head shapes. Locking objects prevents you from selecting and editing them. Move the pointer into the blue-green area to the left of the animal artwork and then drag across the head of the animal again, this time selecting the whole thing.

Note Any artwork within the marquee area will be selected using this method. Press the Shift key and click each eye shape, one at a time, to remove the eyes from the selection. The selected shapes are temporarily hidden so that you can more easily select other objects. The stroke of an object is the outline border , and the stroke weight is the width of the stroke.

All of the shapes with the same stroke border color are now selected. If you know that you may need to reselect a series of objects again, like the shapes you just selected, you can save that selection. Saved selections are a great way to easily make a selection later, and they are saved only with that document. Selecting in Outline mode By default, Adobe Illustrator displays all artwork with their paint attributes, like fill and stroke, showing. However, you can choose to display artwork so that only outlines or paths are visible.

The next method for selecting involves viewing artwork in Outline mode. It can be useful if you want to select objects within a series of stacked objects. With the Selection tool , click within one of the eye shapes to select it not the X in the center. Outline mode displays artwork as outlines without fill. To select in Outline mode, you can click the edge of the object or drag a marquee across the shape to select it.

Tip In Outline mode, you may see a small X in the center of some of the shapes. If you click that X, you can select the shape. With the Selection tool selected, drag across both eye shapes. Press the Up Arrow key several times to move both shapes up a little bit. Tip You could have also clicked the edge of one of the shapes and then pressed the Shift key and clicked the edge of the other to select both. Aligning objects Illustrator makes it easy to align or distribute multiple objects relative to each other, the artboard, or a key object.

Aligning objects to each other One type of alignment is aligning objects to each other. This can be useful if, for instance, you want to align the top edges of a series of selected shapes to each other.

Click the Next Artboard button in the lower-left corner of the Document window to fit the artboard with the selected green shapes in the window. Click the Horizontal Align Center button in the Properties panel on the right. Notice that all of the selected objects move to align to the horizontal center.

Leave the objects selected for the next section. Aligning to a key object A key object is an object that you want other objects to align to. This can be useful when you want to align a series of objects and maybe one of them is already in the perfect position. You specify a key object by selecting all the objects you want to align, including the key object, and then clicking the key object again. With the shapes still selected, click the leftmost shape with the Selection tool.

When selected, the key object has a thick outline indicating that other objects will align to it. Note The key object outline color is determined by the layer color that the object is on. Click the Horizontal Align Center button in the Properties panel again. Leave the shapes selected for the next section. Notice that all of the selected shapes moved to align to the horizontal center of the key object.

Click the key object an arrow is pointing to it in the last part of the previous figure to remove the blue outline, and leave all of the green shapes selected. The selected content will no longer align to the key object. Distributing objects Distributing objects using the Align panel enables you to select multiple objects and distribute the spacing between the centers or edges of those objects equally.

Next, you will make the spacing between the green shapes even. With the green shapes still selected, click More Options in the Align section of the Properties panel circled in the figure.

Click the Vertical Distribute Center button in the panel that appears. Distributing moves all the selected shapes so that the spacing between the center of each of them is equal. With the shapes still selected, click the topmost shape of the selected shapes to make it the key object.

Click More Options in the Align section of the Properties panel circled in the following figure. Ensure that the Distribute Spacing value is 0 zero and then click the Vertical Distribute Space button. Distribute Spacing distributes the spacing between selected objects, whereas the Distribute Objects alignments distribute the spacing between the centers of selected objects.

The value you can set is a great way to set a specific distance between objects. Like setting a key object in the previous section, you can also set a key anchor point that other anchor points will align to. Select the Direct Selection tool , and click in the orange shape at the bottom of the current artboard to see all of the anchor points.

Click the lower-right corner point of the shape. Press the Shift key and click to select the lower-left point of the same shape to select both anchor points see the second part of the following figure.

The last selected anchor point is the key anchor point. Other points will align to this point. Note Currently, dragging across anchor points will not set a key anchor point.

Click the Vertical Align Top button in the Properties panel to the right of the document. The first anchor point selected aligns to the second anchor point selected. Aligning to the artboard You can also align content to the active artboard page rather than to a selection or a key object. Aligning to the artboard aligns each selected object separately to the edges of the artboard.

With the Selection tool selected, click the orange shape at the bottom of the right-hand artboard to select it. Click the Previous artboard button in the lower-left corner of the Document window to navigate to the first left artboard in the document, which contains the final artwork.

As of the writing of this book, there is no option in the Properties panel to align a single selected object to the artboard. Choose Show Options from the Align panel menu circled in the following figure. If you see Hide Options in the menu, then you are all set. Any content you align will now align to the artboard. Click the Horizontal Align Right button and then click the Vertical Align Bottom button in the Align panel to align the orange shape to the horizontal right and vertical bottom of the artboard 9.

Leave the Align panel open. The orange shape will be on top of the other artwork. Later, you will put it behind the other animal artwork. Working with groups You can combine objects into a group so that the objects are treated as a single unit. It can also make selecting artwork easier. Click the Group button in the Quick Actions section of the Properties panel on the right to group the selected artwork together. With the Selection tool selected, click one of the shapes in the new group.

Because they are grouped together, all are now selected. Drag the bamboo group of shapes close to the top of the artboard on the left. Click the X at the top of the Align panel group to close it. With the Selection tool selected, press the Shift key and then drag the lower-right corner of the bounding box down to the bottom of the artboard to make the bamboo shapes larger.

When the pointer reaches the bottom of the artboard, release the mouse and then the key. Editing a group in Isolation mode Isolation mode isolates groups or sublayers so that you can easily select and edit specific objects or parts of objects without having to ungroup the objects.

Next, you will edit a group using Isolation mode. With the Selection tool , drag across the two green leaves on the right artboard to select them. Click the Group button at the bottom of the Properties panel to group them together. Double-click one of the leaves to enter Isolation mode.

Click to select the smaller leaf shape. Click the Fill color box in the Properties panel on the right, and making sure the Swatches option is selected in the panel that appears, click to select a different green color. When you enter Isolation mode, groups are temporarily ungrouped. This enables you to edit objects in the group or to add new content without having to ungroup. Double-click outside of the shapes within the group to exit Isolation mode. Tip To exit Isolation mode, you can also click the gray arrow in the upper-left corner of the Document window, press the Escape key when in Isolation mode, or double-click a blank area of the Document window.

Click to select the leaf group, and leave it selected for the next section. Notice that the leaves are once again grouped, and you can also now select other objects. Creating a nested group Groups can also be nested—grouped within other objects or grouped to form larger groups. Nesting is a common technique used when designing artwork.

Drag the group of leaves onto the bamboo on the left artboard, and leave them selected. Shift-click the bamboo group to select it as well. Click the Group button in the Properties panel. You have created a nested group—a group that is combined with other objects or groups to form a larger group. With the Selection tool, click the leaves to select the nested group. Double-click the leaves to enter Isolation mode. Click to select the leaves again, and notice that the leaf shapes are still grouped.

This is a nested group. Tip Instead of either ungrouping a group or entering Isolation mode to select the content within, you can select with the Group Selection tool. Nested within the Direct Selection tool in the Tools panel, the Group Selection tool lets you select an object within a group, a single group within multiple groups, or a set of groups within the artwork.

Drag them lower onto the bamboo. Press the Escape key to exit Isolation mode; then click a blank area of an artboard to deselect the objects. Exploring object arrangement As you create objects, Illustrator stacks them in order on the artboards, beginning with the first object created. This ordering of objects, called stacking order, determines how they display when they overlap.

You can change the stacking order of objects in your artwork at any time, using either the Layers panel or the Arrange commands. With the Selection tool selected, click the orange shape at the bottom of the artboard. Click the Arrange button in the Properties panel. Choose Send To Back to send the shape behind all of the other shapes. Click the Arrange button again, and choose Bring Forward to bring the orange shape on top of the large blue-green background shape.

Selecting objects behind When you stack objects on top of each other, sometimes it becomes difficult to select objects that are underneath. Drag across both beige circles on the artboard on the right to select them. Pressing the Shift key, drag a corner to make them smaller. When the measurement label shows a width of approximately 1.

Click away from the circles to deselect them and then drag either of them on top of one of the dark eye shapes on the animal. Release the mouse. The circle disappears but is still selected. It went behind the dark circle the eye because it was created before the eye shape, which means it is lower in the stacking order. With the circle still selected, click the Arrange button in the Properties panel, and choose Bring To Front.

This brings the smaller circle to the front of the stack, making it the topmost object. With the Selection tool , select the other beige circle on the right artboard and then drag it onto the other eye shape on the left artboard.

This circle disappears like the other, but this time, you will deselect the circle and then reselect it using another method. Because it is behind the larger eye shape, you can no longer see the smaller beige circle. Note To select the hidden beige circle, make sure that you click where the circle and the eye overlap.

With the pointer over the location of the beige circle you just deselected, the one behind the eye shape, hold down the Command macOS or Ctrl Windows key, and click until the smaller circle is selected again this may take several clicks. Click the Arrange button in the Properties panel, and choose Bring To Front to bring the circle on top of the eye. How can you select an object that has no fill? Of the two Selection tools Selection [ ] and Direct Selection [ ] , which allows you to edit the individual anchor points of an object?

What should you do after creating a selection that you are going to use repeatedly? To align objects to the artboard, what do you need to first change in the Properties panel or Align panel before you choose an alignment option?

Sometimes you are unable to select an object because it is underneath another object. Explain two ways to get around this issue. You can select an object that has no fill by clicking the stroke or by dragging a marquee across any part of the object. You can double-click the group with the Selection tool selected to enter Isolation mode, edit the shapes as needed, and then exit Isolation mode by pressing the Escape key or by double-clicking outside of the group.

Also, using the Group Selection tool , you can click once to select an individual item within a group not discussed in the lesson. Click again to add the next grouped items to the selection.

Using the Direct Selection tool , you can select one or more individual anchor points and make changes to the shape of an object. Name the selection so that you can reselect it at any time from the Select menu. To align objects to an artboard, first select the Align To Artboard option. The object is not deleted. Use tools and commands to create a variety of shapes.

Understand Live Shapes. Round corners. Work with the Shaper tool. Work with drawing modes. Use Image Trace to create shapes. This lesson will take about 60 minutes to complete.

In the New Document dialog box, change the following options: Tip In the New Document dialog box, you will see a series of document presets you can start each project with. Units: Change the units from Points to Inches. Height: 4. At the bottom of the Preset Details section on the right side of the New Document dialog box, you will also see Advanced Options and More Settings you may need to scroll to see it.

They contain more settings for document creation that you can explore on your own. Note You can set up a document for different kinds of output, such as print, web, video, and more, by choosing a profile. For example, if you are designing a web page mock-up, you can select the Web profile and select a default document, which automatically displays the page size and units in pixels, changes the color mode to RGB, and changes the raster effects to Screen 72 ppi.

Click Create in the New Document dialog box. In the Save As dialog box, ensure that the name of the file is Postcard. Adobe Illustrator. That means it preserves all Illustrator data, including multiple artboards. In the Illustrator Options dialog box that appears, leave the options at their default settings, and click OK.

The Illustrator Options dialog box is full of options for saving the Illustrator document, from specifying a version for saving to embedding any files that are linked to the document. The Document Setup dialog box is where you can change document options like units, bleeds, and more, after a document is created. In the Bleed section of the Document Setup dialog box, change the value in the Top field to 0.

Click OK. The red line that appears around both artboards indicates the bleed area. You will typically add bleed to artboards where you want artwork to be printed all the way to the edge of the paper. Bleed is the term used for the area that extends beyond the edge of the printed page, and it ensures that no white edges show up on the final trimmed page. Shapes you create are composed of anchor points with paths connecting the anchor points. A basic square, for instance, is composed of four anchor points on the corners with paths connecting the anchor points see the figure at right.

A shape is referred to as a closed path. Examples of closed paths. A path can be closed, or it can be open with distinct anchor points on each end, called end points see the figure at right. Both open and closed paths can have fills applied to them. Examples of open paths. Choose 2 from the Artboard Navigation menu in the lower-left corner of the Document window.

All of the shape tools, except for the Star tool and Flare tool, create Live Shapes. Select the Rectangle tool in the Tools panel. Move the pointer near the center of the artboard. Press the mouse button and drag down and to the right. Drag until the rectangle is approximately 0. By default, shapes are filled with a white color and have a black stroke border. Using any of the shape tools, you can either draw a shape or click the artboard with a shape tool selected to enter values in a dialog box.

With the rectangle selected, move the pointer over the small blue dot in the center of the rectangle called the Center Point Widget. When the pointer changes , drag the shape into the bottom half of the artboard. Begin dragging the right-middle bounding point of the rectangle to the left to make it narrower.

When you see a width of approximately 0. Move the pointer just off of a corner on the shape. When you see rotate arrows , press and drag clockwise to rotate the shape. As you drag, press the Shift key to constrain the rotation to increments of 45 degrees. When an angle of shows in the measurement label, release the mouse button and then the key. Leave the shape selected. Rounding corners Rounding the corners of a rectangle can be done using several methods. Select the Selection tool in the Tools panel, and drag any of the corner widgets in the rectangle toward the center of the rectangle to change the corner radius for all corners without worrying about how much right now.

Note If you are zoomed out far enough, the corner widgets are hidden on the shape. In the Properties panel to the right, click More Options in the Transform section to show a panel with more options. Ensure that Link Corner Radius Values is on an arrow is pointing to it in the following figure , and change any of the Radius values to 0.

If necessary, click in another field or press the Tab key to see the change to all corners. Tip You can Option-click macOS or Alt-click Windows a corner widget in a shape to cycle through the different corner types. Note You can press the Escape key to hide the panel before moving on. Select the Direct Selection tool. With the shape still selected, double-click the top-corner widget. In the Corners dialog box, change the radius to 0 zero , and click OK.

Notice that only that one corner changed. The Corners dialog box allows you to edit the corner type and radius, but it also has an extra option called Rounding for setting absolute versus relative rounding. Absolute means the rounded corner is exactly the radius value. Relative makes the radius value based on the angle of the corner point. Click the bottom-corner widget to select just that one corner widget.

Drag the bottom-corner widget away from the center of the shape, until you see 0 in the measurement label. You will need to drag past the corner point. Select the Selection tool in the Tools panel. Click the Fill color box in the Properties panel, and make sure that the Swatches option is selected in the panel that appears. Select a darker red color to fill the rectangle with red. Click the Stroke color box in the Properties panel, make sure that the Swatches option is selected, and select None to remove the stroke from the rectangle.

When you see rotate arrows , drag counterclockwise to rotate the shape. As you drag, press the Shift key to constrain the rotation to 45 degrees. When an angle of 45 shows in the measurement label, release the mouse button and then the key.

Select a lighter red color as the fill color for the rectangle. Click the Group button in the Quick Actions section of the Properties panel to the right of the document. Grouping treats content like a single object, which makes it easier to move the currently selected artwork. Click in a blank area of the artboard to the right of the red X. In the Rectangle dialog box that appears, enter a width of 0. For most of the drawing tools, you can either draw with the tool or click to create a shape of a specific size.

Select the Width W: value and change it to 0. Click in the Height H: field, and change the value to 1. Press Return or Enter. Select the Zoom tool in the Tools panel on the left. Drag across the top part of the selected rectangle to zoom in closely. Select the Selection tool and, with the rectangle selected, drag any of the corner widgets at the top of the shape, toward the center of the shape, until the measurement label shows a value of 0.

Double-click any of the corner widgets to open the Transform panel. The Transform panel will open, and you should see corner options. In the Transform panel, deselect Link Corner Radius Values so it looks like this: [ ] to change the corners independently. Change the bottom-left and bottom-right corners to 0. Click the X at the top of the Transform panel group to close it. Select a brown color. Working with the document grid The document grid allows you to work more precisely by creating a series of nonprinting horizontal and vertical guides behind your artwork in the Document window that objects can snap to.

The Ellipse tool can be used to create ellipses and circles. Press and hold down the mouse button on the Rectangle tool in the Tools panel, and select the Ellipse tool.

Move the pointer above the brown rounded rectangle. Press and drag to make an ellipse that has a width of 1. We communicate with users on a regular basis to provide requested services and in regard to issues relating to their account we reply via email or phone in accordance with the users’ wishes when a user submits their information through our Contact Us form. Pearson automatically collects log data to help ensure the delivery, availability and security of this site. We use this information for support purposes and to monitor the health of the site, identify problems, improve service, detect unauthorized access and fraudulent activity, prevent and respond to security incidents and appropriately scale computing resources.

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Deals and Shenanigans. Ring Smart Home Security Systems. Blink Smart Security for Every Home. PillPack Pharmacy Simplified. Amazon Renewed Like-new products you can trust. These tags did not convey any intrinsic meaning or significance. Is it a title or merely a subheading? HTML5 has added a significant number of new tags to help us add semantic meaning to our markup. The result is simpler code and less of it.

New techniques and technology HTML5 has also revisited the basic nature of the language to take back some of the functions that over the years have been increasingly handled by third-party plug-in applications and programming.

If you are new to web design, this transition will be painless because you have nothing to relearn, no bad habits to break. If you already have experience building webpages and applications, this book will guide you safely through some of these waters and introduce the new technologies and techniques in a logical and straightforward method.

Valid HTML 4 code will remain valid for the foreseeable future. HTML5 was intended to make web design easier by allowing you to do more with less work. See www. What programs can open HTML files? What does a markup language do? HTML is composed of how many code elements? What is the difference between block and inline elements? What is the current version of HTML? HTML is a plain-text language that can be opened and edited in any text editor and viewed in any web browser. HTML5 contains over tags.

A block element creates a standalone element. An inline element can exist within another element. HTML5 was formally adopted at the end of However, full support may take several more years. And as with HTML 4, some browsers and devices may support the specification in differing ways. If you have not already done so, please log in to your account on peachpit. Dreamweaver provides many productivity enhancements for writing and proofing HTML code. Writing your own HTML code Writing code may sound difficult or at least tedious, but creating a webpage is actually much easier than you think.

In the next few exercises, you will learn how HTML works by creating a basic webpage and adding and formatting simple text content.

Note Feel free to use any text editor for these exercises, but be sure to save your files as plain text or text only. Enter the following code in the empty document window:. Note In text editors, you will have to type the.

Some text editors may try to change the. Open myfirstpage. Arrange the two programs so you can see the code in the text editor side by side with the display in the browser.

You just created your first webpage. Type Making webpages is fun on the new line. Press the spacebar five times to insert five spaces. Finish by typing and easy! Save the file. Switch to the browser.

It must first be downloaded to your computer and saved, or cached, on the hard drive. The browser is actually displaying the page that it downloaded originally. This is important to remember as a web designer. People frequently miss changes in a website because they are looking at the cached versions of a page instead of the most current version.

Refresh the window to load the updated page. In fact, you could add hundreds of paragraph returns between the lines and dozens of spaces between each word, and the browser display would be no different. By inserting a tag here and there, you can easily create the desired text display. Switch back to the text editor.

Add the highlighted tags to the text as follows: Click here to view code image. To add extra spacing or other special characters within a line of text, HTML provides code elements known as entities. Entities are entered into the code differently than tags.

Before you use a specific entity, make sure it is compatible with your workflow. Replace the five spaces in the text with five nonbreaking spaces so the code looks like the following sample: Click here to view code image. The browser is now showing the paragraph return and the desired spacing. Because you added the tags and entities, the browser can display the paragraph structure and spacing exactly as desired. Although line breaks, extra spacing, and even indentation are ignored by the browser, web designers and coders frequently add such whitespace to make the code easier to read and edit.

Whitespace and extraneous code contribute to what web developers call the overall weight of a page. When a page has too much weight, it downloads, renders, and operates more slowly than it should. Besides creating paragraph structures and creating whitespace, as demonstrated earlier, tags can impart basic text formatting, as well as identify the relative importance of the page content.

Not only do the tags format the heading text differently than the paragraph text, but they also impart additional meaning. Heading tags are automatically formatted in bold and often at a larger relative size. The number of the heading 1 through 6 also plays a role. The other headings are given less importance in descending order. In this exercise, you will add a heading tag to the first line.

Note how the text display changed. It is now larger and formatted in boldface. Web designers use heading tags to identify the importance of specific content and to improve their site rankings on Google, Yahoo!

Headings also help individuals who use screen readers and other assistive devices that allow them to access web-based content. Applying inline formatting So far, all the tags you have used work as paragraph or standalone elements. A typical use of inline code would be to apply bold or italic styling to a word or a portion of a paragraph. In this exercise, you will learn how to apply inline formatting.

Most formatting, both inline and otherwise, is properly applied using cascading style sheets CSS. Technically speaking, these elements are intended more to add semantic meaning to text content than to add styling, but the result is the same. However, this may change in the near future. There has been a move to separate the content from its presentation, or formatting, over the last decade. Although most browsers and HTML readers currently apply default formatting based on specific tags, this may not always be the case.

These elements create the essential underlying structure of the webpage. The root element contains all the code and content, with the exception of any dynamic code that must load before the page content itself. A webpage can exist without this section, but adding any advanced functionality to this page without one would be difficult. Add the highlighted tags and content as shown here: Click here to view code image. Note In some instances, tabs may be turned off by default when single pages are displayed.

Did you notice what changed? It may not be obvious at first. Look at the title bar or window tab of the browser. Google, Yahoo! The content of the title is one of the items typically displayed within the results of a search. It also appears automatically when you create a bookmark for that page in your browser. A well-titled page could be ranked higher than one with a bad title or one with none at all.

Keep your titles short but meaningful. In this exercise, you will re-create the same sample webpage using Dreamweaver. Launch Dreamweaver CC release or later. In the New Document dialog, select the New Document category. In the Framework section, choose the None tab. Click Create. The document window may default to one of four displays: Live view, Code view, Design view, or Split view.

The basic structure of the page is already in place, including the root, head, body, and title elements, among others. Another advantage is evident when you need to view the results of your coding efforts. The text editor required the use of a separate application to preview the HTML code.

Dreamweaver provides a built-in method. Click the Split view button. In Split view, the interface is divided into two windows. One will show the HTML code; the other can be used to provide an accurate preview of the finished webpage.

This preview alone can save you hours of time loading and previewing pages in a separate application. If necessary, activate Live view in Split view. The program interface should now be divided in half, displaying Code view in one window and Live view in another. Dreamweaver also makes it easy to write HTML code. Note Split view may use either Live view or Design view to display side by side or top to bottom with the Code window.

For simple pages like this, either one will do. Live view renders the HTML code as it would appear in a web browser. After you enter the text, it may appear immediately in the Live view window. However, sometimes you may need to refresh the preview to see the changes.

Click in the Live view window to refresh the preview, if necessary. The text appears in Live view without any special formatting. A drop-down menu appears next to the cursor. You can continue typing the tag name manually or select it using the mouse or keyboard.

Double-click h1 from the list to insert it in the code. Note Depending on your preference settings, Dreamweaver may create only the opening tag or the entire element at once. The following steps assume that only the opening tag is created.

Feel free to adjust the code-completion preferences to your liking. Type Making webpages in Dreamweaver is even more fun! Tired of hand-coding yet? Dreamweaver offers multiple ways to write code automatically. This panel is an important component to many workflows in Dreamweaver. If it appears as a floating panel, you can dock it to the bottom of the document window so that it will be handy when you need it. See Lesson 1 for more information on how to customize the Dreamweaver interface.

These tags produce the appearance of bold and italic formatting on the selected text. Something missing? When you reached for the B and I buttons in step 24, were they missing? When you make changes in Code view, the Property inspector occasionally needs to be refreshed before you can access the formatting commands and metadata fields featured there. Simply click the Refresh button to make the formatting commands and other tools reappear. Only two more tasks remain before your new page is complete.

You could select the text within the code window and enter a new title, or you could change it using another built-in feature. Locate the Document Title field in the Property inspector, and select the Untitled Document placeholder text.

The new title text appears in the code, replacing the original content. Navigate to the folder lesson02bonus. Name the file mysecondpage and click Save. Note Dreamweaver uses the browsers already installed on your computer. You may install additional, alternate browsers and configure their use in the Dreamweaver Preferences dialog.

Right-click the document tab displaying the name of the file. Select Open In Browser from the context menu, and select your favorite browser. The completed page appears in the browser window. Using Dreamweaver you completed the task in a fraction of the time it took you to do it manually in a text editor.

You have just completed two webpages—one by hand and the other using Dream-weaver. In both cases, you can see how HTML played a central role in the whole process. To learn more about this technology, go to the website of the W3 Consortium, www. This lesson will take about 1 hour and 15 minutes to complete. Define a site based on the lesson03 folder.

Cascading style sheets control the look and feel of a webpage. The language and syntax of CSS are complex, powerful, and endlessly adaptable. What is CSS? HTML was never intended to be a design medium. Other than allowing for bold and italic, version 1 lacked a standardized way to load fonts or even format text. Designers resorted to various tricks to produce the desired results.

For example, they used HTML tables to simulate multicolumn and complex layouts for text and graphics, and they used images when they wanted to display typefaces other than Times or Helvetica. HTML-based formatting was so misguided a concept that it was deprecated from the language less than a year after it was formally adopted in favor of cascading style sheets CSS. Using CSS lets you strip the HTML code down to its essential content and structure and then apply the formatting separately so that you can more easily tailor the webpage to specific devices and applications.

By adding cell padding and margins to the table structure in Dreamweaver left , you can see how this webpage relies on tables and images to produce the final design right. Note We removed many of the hands-on exercises and moved them to an online bonus lesson. Note To save ink, screen shots in this and all subsequent lessons were taken using the lightest UI and the Classic code-coloring theme. You are free to use the default dark UI and code theme if you prefer it, or any custom setting of your own choosing.

The program and lessons will perform identically in any UI color settings. Name the site lesson Note Code and Live view windows can be swapped top to bottom and left to right by selecting the option under the View menu.

Replace the word “blue” with “green” in each line in which it appears. If necessary, click the mouse cursor in the Live view window to update the display. The text displays in green now in each line where you changed the color value. Make a mistake, like typing greeen or geen, and the browser will ignore the color formatting entirely. Note that the code contains only two color:blue; attributes. If necessary, click in the Live view window to update the display.

Note Dreamweaver usually defaults to Live view when you open or create a new page. In Live view, all the heading elements display in green. The paragraph elements remain blue. Click in the Live view window to update the display. In Live view, all the paragraph elements have changed to green. Close all files and do not save the changes. Now think how tedious it would be to go through thousands of lines of code and hundreds of pages on a site to make such a change.

This exercise highlights just a small sample of the formatting power and productivity enhancements offered by CSS, unmatched by HTML alone. So even if you did nothing, much of your text would already be formatted in a certain way in most browsers. One of the essential tasks in mastering CSS is learning and understanding these defaults and how they may affect your content. If necessary, select Live view to preview the contents of the file. The file contains a range of HTML headings and text elements.

Each element visually exhibits basic styling for traits such as size, font, and spacing, among others. Switch to Split view. A quick look will tell you that there is no overt styling information in the file, yet the text still displays different kinds of formatting.

So where does the formatting come from? And, more importantly, what are the settings being used? The answer is: It depends. In the past, HTML 4 elements drew characteristics from multiple sources. The first place to look is the W3C. The style sheet defines the standard formatting and behaviors of all HTML elements. The browser vendors used this style sheet on which to base their default rendering of HTML elements.

But that was before HTML5. HTML5 defaults? If you look for a default style sheet for HTML5 on w3. At the moment, there are no public moves to change this relationship, and browser manufacturers are still honoring and applying HTML 4 default styling to HTML5-based webpages.

Join the club. The ramifications of this trend could be dramatic and wide reaching. Someday, in the not-too- distant future, HTML elements may not display any formatting at all by default. That means that understanding how elements are currently formatted is more important than ever so that you will be ready to develop your own standards if or when the need arises.

To save time and give you a bit of a head start, I pulled together Table 3. Note If the current trends continue, the lack of an HTML5 default style sheet makes the development of your own site standards even more important. Apparent sizes may vary between browsers. Headings and other text elements may also display additional spacing margins above or below.

Fonts Text color is black. Default typeface and font are specified and supplied by the browser, which in turn can be overridden by the user using the preference settings in the browser itself. Many HTML elements feature some form of margin spacing. Padding Spacing within the box border is handled by padding. According to the default HTML 4 style sheet, no elements feature default padding.

Browser antics The next task in developing your own styling standards is to identify the browser and its version that is displaying the HTML. Unfortunately, even different versions of the same browser can produce wide variations from identical code.

Web design best practices dictate that you build and test your webpages to make sure they work properly in the browsers employed by the majority of web users in general—but especially the browsers preferred by your own visitors. The breakdown of browsers used by your own visitors can differ quite a bit from the norm.

They also change over time—especially now, as more and more people abandon desktop computers in favor of tablets and smartphones.

In May , the W3C published the following statistics identifying the most popular browsers from the 50 million visitors they receive each year on their website:. Although this chart shows the basic breakdown in the browser world, it obscures the fact that multiple versions of each browser are still being used. To make matters more complicated, these statistics show trends for the Internet overall, but the statistics for your own site may vary wildly.

As HTML5 becomes more widely supported, the inconsistencies will fade, although they may never go away. It imposes an imaginary box around each element and then enables you to format almost every aspect of how that box and its contents are displayed. CSS permits you to specify fonts, line spacing, colors, borders, background shading and graphics, margins, and padding, among other things.

Launch Dreamweaver CC or later, if necessary. Open boxmodel. If necessary, switch to Split view. The text displays visible borders, background colors, margins, and padding. Switch to Design view. Dreamweaver now displays the page without any applied styling. A basic tenet in web standards today is the separation of the content text, images, lists, and so on from its presentation formatting.

Whether the text is formatted or not, this illustrates the importance of the structure and quality of your content. Will people still be enthralled by your website if all the wonderful formatting were pulled away? Close all files, and do not save changes. The working specifications found at www. A CSS formatting instruction is known as a rule. A rule consists of two parts—a selector and one or more declarations. The selector specifies what element, or combination of elements, is to be formatted; declarations contain the styling information.

These sample rules demonstrate some typical constructions used in selectors and declarations. The way the selector is written determines how the styling is applied and how the rules interact with one another. Applying a CSS rule is not a simple matter of selecting some text and applying a paragraph or character style, as in Adobe InDesign or Adobe Illustrator.

CSS rules can affect single words, paragraphs of text, or combinations of text and objects. A single rule can affect an entire webpage, a single paragraph, or just a few words or letters. Many factors come into play in how a CSS rule performs its job. Cascade theory The cascade theory describes how the order and placement of rules in the style sheet or on the page affects the application of styling.

In other words, if two rules conflict, which one wins out? Since they style the same element, they both cannot win. According to the cascade theory, the rule declared last, or closest to the HTML code, wins.

That means, in this case, the text would appear in blue. It has the power to style and format any HTML element, but the language is sensitive to even the smallest typo or syntax error. Miss a period, comma, or semicolon and you may as well have left the code out of your page entirely. Even worse, an error in one rule may cancel all the styling in subsequent rules or the entire style sheet. Removing excess spacing is known as minification and is often used to optimize style sheets. Browsers and other applications processing the code do not need this extra space, but the same cannot be said of the various punctuation marks sprinkled throughout the CSS.

Can you catch the error in each of the following sample rules? Click here to view code image. Similar problems can arise in the construction of compound selectors too.

 
 

 

Adobe Dreamweaver CC Classroom in a Book ( Release) | Adobe Press

 

Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product un them. Instead, c system considers things like how recent a review is читать статью if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness. Creative professionals seeking the fastest, easiest, most comprehensive way to learn Adobe Dreamweaver CC release choose Adobe Adobe dreamweaver cc classroom in a book (2019 release) pdf free CC Classroom in читать статью Book release from the best-selling series of hands-on software clzssroom workbooks from Adobe Press.

Learn how to create clazsroom for the modern web; use and customize popular web frameworks to build webpages for a wide variety of desktop computers and mobile devices with a minimum of hand coding; incorporate graphics and text; add links to text and images; add adobe dreamweaver cc classroom in a book (2019 release) pdf free elements to your pages, such as HTML5-compatible адрес страницы work with the latest HTML5 and CSS3 code and structures; and publish a finished site to the web.

A 16th lesson online provides valuable hands-on experience in writing and working with code using shorthand and various productivity enhancements. The online assets also include bonus exercises for HTML and CSS, essential to a full understanding of web design and website development. The online companion files include all the necessary assets for readers to complete the projects featured in each lesson as well as ebook updates when Adobe releases relevant new features for Creative Cloud customers.

All buyers of the book get full access to the Web Edition: a Web-based version of the complete ebook enhanced with video and multiple-choice quizzes. Previous page. Publication date. File size. Page Flip. Word Wise. Not Enabled. Enhanced typesetting. See all details. Next page.

Due to its large file size, this book may take longer to download. Customers who viewed this item also viewed. Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1. Adobe Dfeamweaver Classroom in a Book release. James J.

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Jan 20,  · These projects are then made available on the Internet for everyone to enjoy, for free. There are many, many things you can do to help, so please feel free to jump into the Forum and ask what you can do to help! See also: How LibriVox Works. Where to Start. Most of what you need to know about LibriVox can be found on the LibriVox Forum and the FAQ. adobe:download_manager adobe:dreamweaver adobe:dreamweaver_cs3 adobe:dreamweaver_cs4 adobe:dreamweaver_cs adobe:dreamweaver_mx adobe:drive_cs4 adobe:dynamiclink_support adobe:elicensing adobe:encore_cs3 adobe:encore_cs4 adobe:experience_manager adobe:extendscript_toolkit . Dec 03,  · Last updated: December 3, Google Fusion Tables and the Fusion Tables API have been discontinued. We want to thank all our users these past nine years. We understand you may not agree with this decision, but we hope you’ll find alternatives that are just as useful, including BigQuery, Cloud SQL, Maps Platform, and Data Studio.. Frequently Asked .

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